Issue 12

Parastomal hernia is one of the most common complications after colostomy. Preventive strategies are considerable. For less defect and better mechanical work in abdominal wall, extraperitoneal colostomy is preferred for preventing parastomal hernia. In this work, we demonstrated a new surgery technique through anatomy structures and mechanical principles

1.1. Objective: To discuss the fracture of the spinous process of the lower cervical vertebra and upper thoracic vertebra due to long-term bad posture and bad habits, called Clan-Shoveler’s fracture.

1.1. Introduction: The first data for COVID-19 in pregnancy showed mild to moderate forms of the disease while current data speaks of severe forms in these subjects. Here we present a case of a severe form of COVID-19 in a gemelar pregnant woman compli cated with pneumomediastin and pneumothorax, during her hospi tal stay, in a late stage of disease.

Several severe acute respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) vaccines have been approved for clinical use. However, most studies use the SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibody titers in duced after immunization as an evaluation indicator, and the role of cellular immune responses in the protective efficacy of vaccines is rarely mentioned. The synergistic effect of virus-specific humor al immunity and the cellular immune response helps the host fight against viral infection. A follow-up analysis of SARS-CoV-2-in fected individuals indicated that the early appearance of specific T cell responses is strongly correlated with mild symptoms and that individuals with pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural pro tein-specific T cells are more likely to be immune to infection. These findings suggest the important role of cellular immunity in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection.