1. Abstract
Killian-Jamieson diverticulum (KJD) is a rare pharyngoesophageal diverticulum arising from the Killian-Jamieson triangle, located below the cricopharyngeal muscle. Its coexistence with thyroid nodules is uncommon and may present diagnostic challenges.

1. Abstract
1.1 Background
The effects of vitamin D on the human body have been the subject of numerous studies. Its beneficial effects on the immune system are promising. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum vitamin D concentration and cell death evaluated by the quantification of Fas apoptotic factor in healthy patients.

1. Abstract
1.1 Background
Mesh reinforcement can be used as an adjunct in giant paraoesophagal hernias repairs. The use of synthetic mesh is associated with significant morbidity whereas biologic mesh is associated with higher rates of recurrence. We aim to assess the safety and effectiveness of biosynthetic absorbable.

1. Abstract
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, and surgical resection is a primary treatment for early-stage disease.

1. Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor typically seen in children and young adults, with very few cases reported in individuals over the age of 50. This case describes a 57-year-old male.

1. Abstract
Schwannomas originating from the Schwann cell nerve sheath are rare in the hepatic hilum, with only a few cases reported in the literature.

1. Abstract
1.1. Introduction
Multiple pregnancies, particularly triplets, are rare[incidence] and can be associated with various complications during pregnancy and delivery. Dichorionic triamniotic triplets (two placentas) are even more unusual, and the presence of single placenta for two gestational sacs adds to the complexity.

1. Abstract
Cardiac tumors are rare, with myxomas being the most common primary tumor in adults, typically benign and found in the left atrium. Myxomas are usually sporadic but can be familial or syndromic. They are more frequent in women and are often asymptomatic, with diagnosis made incidentally.