Issue 9

1.1. Introduction: Severe hyperbilirubinemia can cause neurotoxicity called kernicterus which is a neurological syndrome resulting from the deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in the basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei due to which patients suffer from long term morbidities consisting of developmental delays, sensorineural hearing loss, mental retardation and other significant brain damage [1].

1.1. Aims: Over the last decade, molecular methods, such as chromosomal microarray and Bacs-On-Beads assay, have been shown to improve the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities. Nonetheless, conventional cytogenetics methods, such as FISH and karyotyping, are still useful tools and should not be dismissed.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic inflammatory arthritis under 16 years of age but unlike rheumatoid arthritis, the risk of cardiovascular diseases including Myocardial Infarction (MI) in adulthood with JIA is not yet proven. This young lady with a background of JIA that progressed to adulthood was diagnosed with inferior wall MI despite no known cardiovascular risk factors. The patient was diagnosed well in time and was successfully thrombolysed with streptokinase

1.1. Objectives: Chronic Migraine (CM) is characterized by recurrent head pain often associated with electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and asymmetry of intracranial venous circulation. Migraine is a symptom of the Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI).