March 28, 2023

1.1. Background: Infants often have gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), and Cisapride is prescribed for treatment. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Cisapride in treating GERD in newborns, while considering its adverse effects and its removal from the market. 1.2. Methods: A meta-analysis is performed on randomized clin ical trial studies conducted on Cisapride over the period 1987 to 2000, using the fixed-effect and random-effect models. Twelve clinical trials, with 512 infants (284 Cisapride treated and 228 Control Group) were chosen. 1.3. Results: According to a clinical score with a -0.72 weighted mean difference (WMD), a 2.94 quantile difference, and a P-val ue of 0.78, there is no evidence that Cisapride reduces the risk of vomiting, arrhythmia, or esophagitis compared with alternative treatments. 24-hour esophageal pH measurements found that the mean reflux rate was somewhat lower in Cisapride-treated neo nates. Two trials indicated that Cisapride therapy was ineffective, with a WMD value of 5.34 and a confidence interval (CI) ranging between -8.41-4.81. Six studies indicated the same efficacy of Cis apride and Control with WMD -0.42 and CI value of 0.47. 1.4. Conclusion: There was no significant variance in unfavour able conditions. Cisapride showed no clinically significant effects in infants with GERD.

Folic acid and cobalamin are B-group vitamins that play an es sential role in many cellular processes in the body. Deficiency in one or both of these vitamins causes megaloblastic anaemia. This is a disease characterized by the presence of megaloblasts. Meg aloblasts occur when inhibition of DNA synthesis causes abnor mal maturation between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the cell. Megaloblastic anemia causes macrocytic anemia and intramedul lary hemolysis. The most common causes are folate (vitamin B9) deficiency and cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency. Megaloblas tic anemia can be diagnosed based on characteristic morphologic and laboratory findings. Therapy involves treating the underlying cause eg, with vitamin supplementation in cases of deficiency.

Vulvo-Vaginal Infections [VVI] strongly interferes with the wom an’s quality of life. Antibiotic treatments, alone or combined with an antifungal compound, are commonly and successfully used. Nevertheless, they can impair genital microbiota, with long-term disorders, such as a flare-up of genital disturbances due to chang es of endogenous lactobacilli. Alternatively, probiotics have been proposed. This prospective multicenter double-arm study, per formed in 72 premenopausal women diagnosed with VVI, whose etiology was Gardnerella Vaginalis (n=9), Candida Albicans (n=21), or Bacterial Vaginosis (n=42), was performed to com pare the clinical efficacy of a short-term treatment with a vaginal gel containing the bacteria lysate obtained by Propionibacterium acnes [Immunovag®, Depofarma, Mogliano Veneto, Italy] given for 5 days (n=40) with that of vaginal suppositories containing metronidazole and clotrimazole [Meclon®, Alfasigma SPA, Bo logna, Italy] given for 6 days (n=32). The study was conducted at the gynecological Departments of the University-Hospitals of Cagliari, Catania, Catanzaro, Genova and Modena – Reggio Emilia [Italy]. At post-treatment evaluation (10 days from the screening and randomization), regardless of VVI etiology and type of treat ment, a significant decrease (p