Issue 12

Patients who received esophageal resection and gastro-esophageal rebuild before was likely to occur stomach-ectopia to chest when years later. Patients who occurred gastric aspiration during anesthesia have very high risks proceeding to severe aspiration pneumonia or Mendelson’s syndrome

1.1. Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotype (GT) infection is still regarded as one of the more “difficult-to-treat” GTs in the era of IFN-free treatments. The viral factors involved in this unfavorable outcome have yet to be clarified.

An 83-year-old man complained of repeated hematochezia for 3 months. No other medical history was reported except for the percutaneous needle aspiration of left renal cyst 10 years ago. Colonoscopy revealed a 25-mm protruded lesion with central ulcer formation at the descending colon (Figure 1A).

Anaphylaxis from Hymenoptera despite conventional venom immunotherapy is rare. We present a case in a previously healthy male with suspected cutaneous mastocytosis, who developed a fatal anaphylaxis due to cerebral hypoperfusion after wasp sting. The report is a reminder that up to 20% of patients allergic to Hymenoptera venom are not protected by conventional venom immunotherapy.