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1. Abstract The clinical and radiological presentations of pyogenic spodylodiscitis are similar to spinal Pott’s disease. The diagnosis must be done with combination of clinical manifestation, radiological findings, blood, biopsy and histopathological findings. Pyogenic spndylodiscitis of lumbar spine can be treated as conservatively; and or surgically by anterior or posterior single or double stage decompression with fixation if poorly response to medication or severe neurological compromises present.

1. Abstract 1.1. Aim: Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in the activity of β-glucocerebrosidase, a lysosomal enzyme. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of GD can maximize the effectiveness of treatment effect. However, diagnosing GD is challenging and tends to be delayed because its early clinical manifestations and severity are highly heterogeneous and nonspecific, and may present at any age from early infancy to mature adulthood.

1. Abstract Obesity is defined as the early deposition of adipose tissue caused by a consistent caloric intake that exceeds the individual’s caloric needs. As a worldwide issue, the rising incidence of obesity is a major source of concern—not because of sickness, but because of excess. Obesity is linked to a number of ailments, the most serious of which might be type 2 diabetes, and the fundamental reason for this link is obesity’s proclivity to develop insulin resistance.

1. Abstract 1.1. Background: Cavity formation filled with air in the inferior turbinate is very rare. Hitherto, only 13 cases of inferior turbinate concha bullosa have been reported. I present an additional case discovered during the evaluation of a patient with chronic rhinosi- nusitis.

1. Abstract Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by an acute and transient left ventricular dysfunction usually triggered by an emotional or physical stressful event. The hallmark of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a presentation similar to acute coronary syndrome but with no evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease.

1. Summary Lead is a heavy metal that has been used since ancient times, including in the production of wine with the aim of sweetening and reducing acidity. In the 1920s, this compound was added to gasoline, believing that it would result in better functioning of the automobile engine.

1. Abstract 1.1. Background: Globally, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness, next to cataract. As per American academy of ophthalmology study 2014, it was estimated that 76 million people worldwide would suffer from glaucoma by 2020, and it is expected that by 2040 that number will increase to 111.8 million.

1. Abstract 1.1. Background: The hardened red blood cells (RBC)-induced capillary endothelial damage, inflammation, edema, and fibrosis are initiated at birth, and terminate with disseminated tissue hypoxia, acute painful crises, multiorgan failures, and sudden death even at childhood in the sickle cell diseases (SCD).

1. Abstract Increased metabolic disorders are generally linked to the progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we looked into the effects of the ethanolic extract of Abrus precatorius (A. precatorius) leaves on liver enzymes and glycaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic male rats.

Review Use of the waterpipe is increasing daily by all ages and sexes. Since waterpipe smoking came to the west, especially among young adults, it has become a global trend [1].