1. Abstract
1.1. Background
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma grade 3 is rare disease classified as a distinct entity in WHO classification 2016. It is usually refractory to a standard therapy for high grade gliomas and has a dismal prognosis.

1. Abstract
Awake craniotomy allows safe and effective resection of brain tumours near eloquent areas. However, achieving timely and reliable intraoperative awakening is crucial, particularly when pre-existing pathologies and sedative agents delay emergence.

1. Abstract
Bi polar TURIS resection of the prostate is a well-established method, used over the past two decades for the surgical therapy of benign prostate hyperplasia. According to the EAU guidelines it is best to be applied.

A 22-year-old male presented with acute right scrotal pain for two hours. Scrotal Doppler ultrasound showed absent intratesticular flow with a “whirlpool” sign. Emergency exploration revealed a markedly edematous and congested testis with a 1440°.

1. Abstract
1.1. Background
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a rare but significant complication associated with the rapid correction of hyponatremia. Pituitary necrosis, commonly observed in cases of apoplexy, may manifest in susceptible metabolic conditions but is infrequently documented in association with ODS.

1. Abstract
We present a case of a 57-year-old male who experienced ex- tensive bone pain, difficulty in getting up, weakness in walking, and height loss. He had been taking adefovir dipivoxil tablets for the treatment of hepatitis B.