Issue 9

A new coronavirus disease, called COVID-19, appeared in the Chinese region of Wuhan at the end of last year; since then the virus spread to other countries, including most of Europe. We propose a differential equation governing the evolution of the COVID-19. This dynamic equation also describes the evolution of the number of infected people for 13 common respiratory viruses (including the SARS-CoV-2).

Current COVID-19 outbreak has shaken almost all aspects of health. Pakistan is lower middle income country where health system is fragmented due to chronic state of underinvestment in health. Provision of basic health care during the current COVID-19 outbreak remains daunting task. Ethics and regulatory systems are not fully mature [1] to keep pace with the challenges associated with the surge in research related to this novel disease.

COVID-19 has emerged as one of the largest pandemic of century, with 15 785 641 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 640 016 deaths, reported by WHO to date [1]. It has revealed that the world was clearly not ready for the surprise. The emergency response encompassed massive efforts to ensure health care delivery.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes severe community and nosocomial outbreaks; we aimed to ascertain the duration of viral shedding through repeated nasal swabs in patients with COVID-19 and factors associated

The success of targeted cancer therapies will depend on the uniformity of the target cells. Cancer cells mutate and potentially can alter that target, defeating that therapy. A means of computing the number of altered targets and what may be necessary to improve the probability of successful treatment is presented. This analysis indicates that single drug, targeted therapy will not be successful unless the cancer can be treated in very early stages with low cancer cell counts.