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July 31, 2025

A Rare Case of Mid-Ventricular and Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with Hourglass Appearance on Echocardiogram

1. Abstract Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a genetically driven cardiac condition most often involving asymmetric septal hypertrophy. Mid-ventricular and apical variants are rare, accounting for less than 5% of cases in Western populations, and present unique diagnostic and prognostic challenges.

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