May 20, 2022

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant dis order characterized by hamartomas in multiple organ systems. Variants in the TSC1 and TSC2 gene lead to the dysfunction of the hamartin or tuberin proteins, respectively, which causes tuberous sclerosis complex.

Pregnancy luteoma is a non-neoplastic lesion of the ovary relat ed to hormonal effects of pregnancy that is usually discovered incidentally at the time of a caesarean section or during postpar tum tubal ligation. We herein report a case of a 33year-old full term pregnant female who presented with abdominal pain and a right-sided ovarian mass.

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a rare biliary tumor characterized by papillary growth in the bile duct, a high risk of malignant transformation, and an unknown prognosis. IPNB diagnosis has always been challenging, especially when the tumor is difficult to detect by imaging. Smaller IPNB tumors are difficult to diagnose preoperatively using only noninvasive imag ing examination, and bile duct stones can impact the successful diagnosis of IPNB.

Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) is a highly infiltrative malignant lymphoma caused by germinal B-cell differentiation. There are several oral symptoms of BL, including tooth mobility, pain, gingival swelling, maxillofacial swelling and pain, and facial sensory disturbances.